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Total serum bilirubin, TSB
This is a blood test that measures the amount of a substance called bilirubin. This test is used to find out how well your liver is working. It is often part of a panel of tests that measure liver function. A small amount of bilirubin in your blood is normal, but a high level may be a sign of liver disease.
The liver makes bile to help you digest food, and bile contains bilirubin. Most bilirubin comes from the body's normal process of breaking down old red blood cells. A healthy liver can normally get rid of bilirubin. But when you have liver problems, bilirubin can build up in your body to unhealthy levels.
You may need this test if you have symptoms of liver damage or disease. Symptoms include:
Yellowish skin or eyes (jaundice)
Stomach pain
Dark urine
Light colored stool
Flu-like symptoms, such as fever and chills
You may also have your bilirubin level tested regularly if you are being treated for liver disease.
Many healthy newborns also develop jaundice. Most jaundice in babies causes no problems. But babies are often tested shortly after birth because a high bilirubin level may affect the brain, lead to deafness, and cause intellectual or developmental disabilities.
You may have other blood tests to find the cause of your liver problems. You may also have urine tests, an ultrasound or other imaging scans of your belly, or a liver biopsy.
For newborns, healthcare providers often order a urine test in addition to the bilirubin test.
Test results may vary depending on your age, gender, health history, and other things. Your test results may be different depending on the lab used. They may not mean you have a problem. Ask your healthcare provider what your test results mean for you.
Bilirubin results depend on your age, gender, and health. Normal bilirubin levels are generally less than 1 milligram per deciliter (mg/dL). Adults with jaundice generally have bilirubin levels greater than 2.5mg/dL. In an otherwise healthy newborn, bilirubin levels greater than 15 mg/dL may cause problems.
The test is done with a blood sample. A needle is used to draw blood from a vein in your arm or hand. For a baby, the blood sample is taken from the heel with a small needle stick.
Having a blood test with a needle carries some risks. These include bleeding, infection, bruising, and feeling lightheaded. When the needle pricks your arm or hand, you may feel a slight sting or pain. Afterward, the site may be sore.
Medicines and herbal supplements can increase your bilirubin level. Pregnancy and drinking alcohol can also cause a buildup of bilirubin in your liver.
Follow your healthcare provider's directions about not eating or drinking before the test. Ask your provider if there is anything else you should do to get ready for this test. Tell your provider about all medicines, herbs, vitamins, and supplements you are taking. This includes medicines that don't need a prescription and any illegal drugs you may use.